SSRI antidepressant use during pregnancy may increase the risk of autism
Summary: The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs, such as Prozac®, Celexa®, Lexapro®, Luvox® and Paxil®) taken during pregnancy—especially the first trimester—appears to increase the risk of autism spectrum disorders. There are evidence-based alternatives to SSRIs that support brain health without putting the fetus at risk.A study recently published in the journal Archives of General Psychiatry draws attention to a risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) born to mothers who took SSRI antidepressants during their pregnancy. The authors observe:
"The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has increased over recent years. Use of antidepressant medications during pregnancy also shows a secular increase in recent decades, prompting concerns that prenatal exposure may contribute to increased risk of ASD."
Therefore they set out to..."...systematically evaluate whether prenatal exposure to antidepressant medications is associated with increased risk of ASD."In order to do so they compared the data for 298 children with ASD to 1507 randomly selected control children, along with the data for both their mothers. Their findings support a cautionary approach to the prenatal use of SSRIs:
"Prenatal exposure to antidepressant medications was reported for 20 case children (6.7%) and 50 control children (3.3%). In adjusted logistic regression models, we found a 2-fold increased risk of ASD associated with treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors by the mother during the year before delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 2.2), with the strongest effect associated with treatment during the first trimester (adjusted odds ratio, 3.8)."
In other words, the increase in risk for the whole year before delivery was 220%, but limiting the investigation to the first trimester it was 380%. Interestingly...
"No increase in risk was found for mothers with a history of mental health treatment in the absence of prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors."
Meaning that it wasn't a history of mental health treatment the year before delivery but specifically the use of SSRIs that accounted for the increased risk of ASDs. The authors conclude:
"Although the number of children exposed prenatally to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in this population was low, results suggest that exposure, especially during the first trimester, may modestly increase the risk of ASD. The potential risk associated with exposure must be balanced with the risk to the mother or fetus of untreated mental health disorders."
This would be a troubling dilemma were it not for the fact that therapies supporting brain health are available to treat depression. Serotonin production and signaling, when indicated, can be supported in a physiological and sustainable manner that promotes the brain health of mother and fetus. A categorization and description of key resources that applies to adults as well as children is available in the Parents' Guide To Brain Health.